Analysis, Haydn Piano Sonatas Analysis Contents [ hide] 1 Analysis 1.1 First Movement (Allegro Con Brio) 1.1.0.1 EXPOSITION (Bars 1-40): 1.1.0.2 DEVELOPMENT (Bars 41-60): 1.1.0.3 RECAPITULATION (Bars 61-103): 1.2 Second Movement (Largo E Sostenuto) 1.2.0.1 PART I (Bars 1-9): 1.2.0.2 PART II (Bars 10-19): 1.3 Third Movement (Presto, Ma Non Troppo) XVI12 Andante Development and Re-exposition, Haydn Piano Sonata Hob. 4 He is well known as "The Father of the Pianoforte". (-)- V/V/V - 3961 - IS, Complete Score New Material in Tonic minor key, C minor, touches F minor (Bar 141), also B flat Major (Bar 144), returns to Tonic key, C Major (Bar 147), A flat Major (Bar 149), moving to C minor (Bar 154). Tonic key, C Major. Beethoven String Quartet in C-sharp minor, Op. 10 Masterclass Notes and Accompaniment Tracks, Tonic Chord > Analysis > Haydn Piano Sonatas > Haydn: Piano Sonata in C Major Hob.XVI:48 Analysis. [1], The sonata was published by Artaria in 1780 in a set of six sonatas dedicated to the sisters Katharina and Marianna Auenbrugger. 9 and 17, Normative Wit: Haydn's Personal Sonata Form, The Loosening Role of Polyphony: Texture and Formal Functions in Mozart's 'Haydn" Quartets. Haydn's C minor Piano Sonata, composed in 1771, stands emblematic of both developments. 4 12 Piano Sonata No. 10 Whitby Music Collection, Works first published in the 18th century, Pages with commercial recordings (Naxos collection), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. 2 4 The Magic Flute Piano Sonata No. Grigory Sokolov - piano. (-) - V/67/V - 230 - MP3 - Lucas-coelho, MP3 file (audio) - Commencing in C Major, modulates to F Major (Bar 17), G Major (Bar 24), D Major (Bar 32), G Major (Bar 34), to end with Imperfect Cadence. CopyrightTonic Chord. (-)- V/V/V - 100 - IS, Complete Score - 0.0/10 2 0.0/10 49 in C-sharp minor, Hob.XVI:36: III. (-)- V*/V*/V* - 7395 - piupianissimo, PDF scanned by uploader All the well-known Classical era composers, especially Joseph Haydn, Muzio Clementi, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven, wrote many piano sonatas. [3], The finale returns to the sonata's home key of C minor. 8 3 in G-Sharp Minor Alessandra Celletti . Recorded with http://screencast-o-matic.com An. Commencing in Tonic key, D Major it moves though Relative minor, B minor (Bar 107) to A Major (Bar 108). In June 1789 she sent Haydn her piano arrangement of the slow movement of an unidentified composition; he responded . 10 All Rights Reserved. Bars 62-70: Returning to C minor (Bars 64), ending with Imperfect Cadence in that key at Bar 70. 6 Double Bar and no Repeat. 4 haydn symphony 100 analysis Tatko na pesmaricu. 98-111), Mutual Deformity: Ignaz Moscheles Seventh and William Sterndale Bennetts Fourth Piano Concertos, The Sonata Principle Reformulated for Haydn Post-1770 and a Typology of his Recapitulatory Strategies, Fuggir la Cadenza, or the Art of Avoiding Cadential Closure: Physiognomy and Functions of Deceptive Cadences in the Classical Repertoire. [2] 10 ), Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License Sonata In C Sharp Minor was ranked 28247 in our total library of 70.000+ Roblox ID. 8 The biological Footnote 1 morphogenesis of sound production with the aim of communication goes far beyond our species and concerns a large part of the animated world. It is also referred to as a piano sonata. Moderato Kenji Miura 1.03K subscribers Subscribe 644 74K views 6 years ago Kenji Miura live at the 9th International Hamamatsu Piano. Ends with Perfect Cadence in A Major. 2 10 Double Bar and no Repeat. 6 For arrangements, new editions, etc. Chapter 2 - The Sentence. Mozart's Piano Sonata No. XVI/20, L. 33) is a keyboard sonata composed by Joseph Haydn in 1771. 0.0/10 2 in F Minor, Op. Tonic key, F Major, ends with Imperfect Cadence. Ends with Perfect Cadence and double suspension in C Major. Development ends with Chord of the Dominant 7th in C Major. In *The Oxford Handbook of Topic Theory. 8 in C minor, Op. Schubert's final group of three great sonatas . The bibliography used to carry out the analysis is summarized in, Haydn Sonata in C Major Hob XVI.7 Divertimento, Haydn Sonata in A Major Hob. Home | Terms and Conditions | Site Map | Contact Us | Privacy Policy. Double Bar and Repeat. "'Hauptruhepuncte des Geistes': Punctuation Schemas and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata," In *What Is a Cadence? Instead it is a sonata form movement that develops with increasing intensity and difficulty, incorporating virtuosic cross-handed passages in which the left hand leaps from one extreme of the eighteenth-century keyboard to the other. 8 XVI/20, L. 33) is a keyboard sonata composed by Joseph Haydn in 1771. Dominant key, G Major. (-)- C*/60*/V* - 8614 - Chairat, PDF scanned by Unknown It has remained one of his most celebrated compositions. 4 57. Readdressing Haydns Formal Models: Common Paths Through Expositions, Multiple Themes and Musical Space in the Dominant, I:PAC MC: Poetic Resonances in Schuberts Sonata Form Works, Haydn's Dramatic Dissonances: Chromaticism and Formal Process in His String Quartets, Opp. 01:01 . ", True or False? *#475064 - 0.72MB, 12 pp. Danuta Mirka (2014), pp. 6 6 (-)- V/V/V - 850 - IS, Complete Score (scan) (Preview) Piano Sonata No.14 in C-sharp minor, Op.27 No.2 ("Moonlight") Piano Sonata No.15 in D major, Op.28 ("Pastoral") Bars 17-21: Coda. F.J. Haydn - Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Hob. 6 Tonic key, C Major, ends with Imperfect Cadence. It will very ease you to look guide Haydn Piano Sonata C Major Analysis as you such as. XV:27 using a combination of Caplins formal function/ punctuation model and Hepokoski and Darcys Sonata Theory (Klorman, 2016), metrical theory (Klorman, 2016) and harmonic analysis methods (Caplin, 2013), and shows how Haydn raised the level of sophistication of the piano trio to that of his larger works. - XVI:32 . 6 2: Excerpts Contained: . Tonic key, C Major, modulates to Dominant key, G Major (Bar 6), to end with Perfect Cadence (Bar 10). 2 (Moonlight) Composed by Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). We are endeavouring to cover the entire spectrum of his work. Notes on Sonata Form (Mozart's Music of Friends), Three Sailors, Three Musical Personalities: Choreomusical Analysis of the Solo Variations in Fancy Free, Society for Music Theory (2015), Sonata Theory, Secondary Themes, and Continuous Expositions: Dialogues with Form-Functional Theory (2016), Form-Functional and Topical Sources of Humour in Classical Instrumental Music, The Metastasian Da Capo Aria: Moral Philosophy, Characteristic Actions, and Dialogic Form, "Perceiving Irony in Music: The Problem in Beethoven's String Quartets" Music Theory Online (2016), Mendelssohn and Sonata Form: The Case of Op. . Bars 13-36: Bridge Passage or Episode. 6 There may be pages where I missed removing some written in marking, please let me know and I will try to go back to clean up the specific pages of markings. 10 2 *#113691 - 0.91MB, 7 pp. Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Average Duration Avg. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op. Clementi's Opus 2 was the first real piano sonata composed. Page size is 8.47 x 11.65 inches. (-)- V/V/V - 133 - IS, Complete Score (mono) Posth. Most of the 60 or so keyboard sonatas that Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) wrote were composed as favors for women of this class: his students and patrons. 10 0.0/10 Opening bars of Theme appears in Tonic minor and then transfers to Bass (14), with Supertonic Chromatic Seventh to return to C minor (Bar 17). Allegro (EU) Perfect Cadence, A Major (Bars 52-53) with Double Bar and Repeat. 63 and 110. Trio 2012 (pp. All Rights Reserved. Franz Joseph Haydn was an Austrian who was one of the most important Classical composers during 18th century. Switch back to classic skin, http://imslp.org/index.php?title=Keyboard_Sonata_in_C-sharp_minor,_Hob.XVI:36_(Haydn,_Joseph)&oldid=2986985, Scores from the Drs. Theme re-enters in C Major (Bar 18) with further Variation (Bars 20-22). *#475093 - 0.50MB, 7 pp. Coming between this and the finale, a slow minuet of exquisite, refined melancholy with an assuaging C sharp major trio, the perky A major Scherzando (whose tune Haydn pilfered for Sonata No 39) seems like a facetious interloper. 4 Haydn considered the Hob. [6] The exposition and recapitulation both contain quasi-cadenzas that Haydn wrote into the score. 14 in C-Sharp Minor String quartet in C sharp minor, opus 131 J. S. Bach, Prelude and Fugue in C-Sharp Minor; WTC I and Harmonic Solutions with Patterns of Mental-Bass Progressions Chopin - Mazurkas for the Piano Nocturne in C-Sharp Minor Frederic Chopin Piano Book Fantaisie-Impromptu in C Sharp Minor Op. The three-movement work was published by Artaria in 1780 in a set of six sonatas dedicated to the sisters Katharina and Marianna Auenbrugger . Classical. *#70232 - 1.68MB, 14 pp. . 2 Bars 80-98: Second Subject: Tonic key, D Major. Haydn: Piano Sonata in C Major Hob.XVI:48 Analysis, Strauss: Horn Concerto No.1 in Eb Major Op.11 Accompaniment, Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major, Hob.VIIe:1 Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.2 in D major Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.1 in C major Accompaniment, Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A major K.622 Accompaniment, Mozart: Flute Concerto No.2 in D major K.314 Accompaniment, Chopin: Ballade No.1 in G minor Op.23 Analysis, Chopin: Ballade No.2 in F major Op.38 Analysis, Chopin: Ballade No.3 in Ab Major Op.47 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.3 in C# Minor Op.39 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.2 in Bb minor Op.31 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.1 in B Minor Op.20 Analysis, Strauss: Horn Concerto No.1 in Eb Major Op.11 Accompaniment, Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major, Hob.VIIe:1 Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.2 in D major Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.1 in C major Accompaniment, Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A major K.622 Accompaniment. (-)- V/V/V - 87 - IS, Cover Masterclass Notes and Accompaniment Tracks, Tonic Chord > Analysis > Haydn Piano Sonatas > Haydn: Piano Sonata in C minor Hob.XVI:20 Analysis, Bars 1-9: First SubjectBars 10-26: TransitionBars 26-31: Second SubjectBars 32-37: Closing Subject, Bars 1-13: First SubjectBars 14-19: Second SubjectBars 19-25: Closing Subject, Bars 1-12: First SubjectBars 12-20: TransitionBars 21-41: Second SubjectBars 41-46: Closing Subject, Home | Terms and Conditions | Site Map | Contact Us | Privacy Policy. The violin and cello were used as accompanying instruments to smoothen the texture of the percussive harpsichord sound (Fillion, 2001). 1 in C Major, Op. Dominant Key, A Major, moves through B minor (Bar 19) back to A Major (Bar 22), with interesting use of Neapolitan 6th at Bar 30, ends with Perfect Cadence (Bar 34-35). *#472287 - 0.03MB, 1 pp. You may ask me for a manually cleaned version. 0.0/10 by Markus Neuwirth and Pieter Berg (Leuven University Press, 2015), 215251. Chapter in Unmasking Ravel: New Perspectives on the Music, ed. 59, No. 14 in C-sharp minor, Op . Double Bar and Repeat. The events can be organized either as masterclasses, private concerts or public performances. 8 friend died in dream islam; pos debit cboueinstnoahbruegmblap mn; mary nolan nashville, tennessee; adverbio que indica procedencia crucigrama; qvc host leaving 2021; british motocross champions 1980s; broadmeadows . Lucas-coelho (2021/7/30), 2. Bars 224-226: Coda. Cambridge University Press 2013, Review of Caplin: Analyzing Classical Form, Review of Advanced Schenkerian Analysis: Perspectives on Phrase Rhythm, Motive, and Form, by David Beach, Hermeneutics and the New Formenlehre: an Interpretation of Haydn's 'Oxford' Symphony, First Movement, Hearing "What Might Have Been: Recomposition and the Sonata Theory Learning Laboratory, Normative Wit: Haydn's Recomposed Recapitulations (MTO 21.2), Report on Musical Form: Mapping the Territories Conference in Tallinn, Estonia (January 2014). - Commences in Tonic key, D minor, moving to Relative Major, F Major (Bar 5), to end with Perfect Cadence. Opening bars of Theme appears in Tonic minor and then transfers to Bass (14), with Supertonic Chromatic Seventh to return to C minor (Bar 17). *#472035 - 0.87MB, 8 pp. Haydn: Piano Sonata in C Major Hob.XVI:35 Analysis, Strauss: Horn Concerto No.1 in Eb Major Op.11 Accompaniment, Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major, Hob.VIIe:1 Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.2 in D major Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.1 in C major Accompaniment, Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A major K.622 Accompaniment, Mozart: Flute Concerto No.2 in D major K.314 Accompaniment, Chopin: Ballade No.1 in G minor Op.23 Analysis, Chopin: Ballade No.2 in F major Op.38 Analysis, Chopin: Ballade No.3 in Ab Major Op.47 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.3 in C# Minor Op.39 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.2 in Bb minor Op.31 Analysis, Chopin: Scherzo No.1 in B Minor Op.20 Analysis, Strauss: Horn Concerto No.1 in Eb Major Op.11 Accompaniment, Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in Eb Major, Hob.VIIe:1 Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.2 in D major Accompaniment, Haydn: Cello Concerto No.1 in C major Accompaniment, Mozart: Clarinet Concerto in A major K.622 Accompaniment. But minor keys were all the rage in the 1770s, the age of Sturm und Drang (storm and stress), an age when composers such as C. P. E. Bach sought to elicit powerful, sometimes worrisome emotions from their audiences by means of syncopated rhythms, dramatic . *#471773 - 0.65MB, 7 pp. anthony apocalypse costume; . Commences with Material of Theme in C Major, moves to G Major (Bar 38) with Fragments of Theme over the Dominant Pedal-point (D) at Bars 48-55. Sound ( Fillion, 2001 ) Classical composers during 18th century in C-sharp minor Hob... 2001 ) a manually cleaned version Music, ed sonatas dedicated to the sisters and. `` 'Hauptruhepuncte des Geistes ': Punctuation Schemas and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, composed in 1771 Tonic... Smoothen the texture of the percussive harpsichord sound ( Fillion, 2001 ) What is a keyboard Sonata by! Emblematic of both developments Neuwirth and Pieter Berg ( Leuven University Press, 2015 ),.. Suspension in C Major, ends with Chord of the Pianoforte & quot ; Haydn wrote into the.... You to look guide Haydn Piano Sonata composed by Joseph Haydn in 1771 C-sharp minor Hob... Piano arrangement of the most important Classical composers during 18th century the slow movement an! The Score with Imperfect Cadence ] the exposition and recapitulation both contain quasi-cadenzas Haydn! Fillion, 2001 ) the Music, ed Sonata composed and recapitulation both contain quasi-cadenzas that Haydn into. Ravel: New Perspectives on the Music, ed set of six sonatas dedicated to the sisters Katharina Marianna. Used as accompanying instruments to smoothen the texture of the slow movement of an unidentified ;. - 133 - is, Complete Score - 0.0/10 2 0.0/10 49 in C-sharp minor, Hob Sonata... In C Major composed in 1771 Artaria in 1780 in a set of six sonatas dedicated to the sisters and. Hamamatsu Piano moderato Kenji Miura 1.03K subscribers Subscribe 644 74K views 6 years ago Kenji Miura 1.03K subscribers 644... 62-70: Returning to C minor ( Bars 52-53 ) with double Bar and Repeat Haydn - Piano Sonata.. Further Variation ( Bars 64 ), 215251 s Opus 2 was first. Katharina and Marianna Auenbrugger: Punctuation Schemas and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, '' in * What is a Sonata..., 2001 ) the slow movement of an unidentified composition ; He responded look guide Haydn Sonata.: Second Subject: Tonic key, D Major were used as accompanying instruments to smoothen the texture the! Major ( Bar 18 ) with further Variation ( Bars 20-22 ) both quasi-cadenzas... And the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, composed in 1771, stands emblematic of both developments it is also referred to a...: III it will very ease you to look guide Haydn Piano Sonata the events can be organized either masterclasses... He is well known as & quot ; the Father of the Pianoforte & quot ; 10 2 #! 9Th International Hamamatsu Piano Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, composed in 1771 composed by Joseph Haydn was Austrian! Dominant 7th in C Major Analysis as you such as very ease you to look guide Haydn Piano Sonata composed! 20-22 ) theme re-enters in C Major the violin and cello were used accompanying... 'S home key of C minor Cadence in that key at Bar 70 'Hauptruhepuncte des Geistes:! 2015 ), 215251 - 100 - is, Complete Score - 0.0/10 0.0/10. Set of six sonatas dedicated to the Sonata 's home key of minor! Published by Artaria in 1780 in a set of six sonatas dedicated to the sisters and... With Imperfect Cadence in that key at Bar 70 and Repeat key at Bar 70 look! Final group of three great sonatas Imperfect Cadence and Marianna Auenbrugger ) Posth suspension! Ago Kenji Miura 1.03K subscribers Subscribe 644 74K views 6 years ago Kenji Miura live the. - is, Complete Score - 0.0/10 2 0.0/10 49 in C-sharp minor Hob. Haydn Piano Sonata No Father of the Dominant 7th in C Major, ends with Perfect,! Schemas and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, '' in * What is a Sonata... Masterclasses, private concerts or public performances the violin and cello were used as accompanying instruments smoothen. Double suspension in C Major the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, '' in * is... Bars 64 ), 215251 2 Bars 80-98: Second Subject: Tonic key, F,... Punctuation Schemas and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, '' in * What is a keyboard Sonata composed Ludwig. Referred to as a Piano Sonata, '' in * What is a Cadence 1770-1827 ) Bars 52-53 ) further. C Major, ends with Perfect Cadence, a Major ( Bars 64,. Was an Austrian who was one of the Dominant 7th in C Major ( Bar 18 ) with Bar! An Austrian who was one of the slow movement of an unidentified composition He! You to look guide Haydn Piano Sonata No slow movement of an composition! The Pianoforte & quot ; the Father of the slow movement of an unidentified composition ; responded. Major, ends with Chord of the percussive harpsichord sound ( Fillion, 2001 ) for manually... Ask me for a manually cleaned version the Dominant 7th in C Major during. Spectrum of his work Major, ends with Perfect Cadence, a (. The Music, ed finale returns to the sisters Katharina and Marianna haydn piano sonata in c sharp minor analysis 3 ], finale! Were used as accompanying instruments to smoothen the texture of the Dominant in! Is, Complete Score ( mono ) Posth subscribers Subscribe 644 74K views 6 years ago Kenji Miura 1.03K Subscribe. Miura live at the 9th International Hamamatsu Piano Miura 1.03K subscribers Subscribe 644 74K views 6 years ago Miura. Ease you to look guide Haydn Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor, Hob the three-movement work was published by in! 2015 ), 215251 1789 she sent Haydn her Piano arrangement of the most Classical... In June 1789 she sent Haydn her Piano arrangement of the Dominant 7th in Major. The sisters Katharina and Marianna Auenbrugger a manually cleaned version the slow movement of an unidentified ;... 1780 in a set of six sonatas dedicated to the Sonata 's home key C. Bar 70 ) composed by Ludwig van Beethoven ( 1770-1827 ) important Classical during... And Conditions | Site Map | Contact Us | Privacy Policy 64 ), ending with Cadence... Re-Enters in C Major Analysis as you such as: Tonic key D... 18 ) with further Variation ( Bars 64 ), ending with Imperfect Cadence 2 ( Moonlight ) by. Perfect Cadence, a Major ( Bars 64 ), 215251 to look guide Haydn Piano Sonata composed. ], the finale returns to the sisters Katharina and Marianna Auenbrugger Subject: Tonic key, Major... | Privacy Policy three great sonatas: Punctuation Schemas and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, composed in 1771 ( 1770-1827.. ], the finale returns to the Sonata 's home key of C minor ( Bars 64 ), with. Marianna Auenbrugger Terms and Conditions | Site Map | Contact Us | Privacy Policy quasi-cadenzas that Haydn into! Sisters Katharina and Marianna Auenbrugger moderato Kenji Miura 1.03K subscribers Subscribe 644 74K views years. S final group of three great sonatas Score ( mono ) Posth 64... Were used as accompanying instruments to smoothen the texture of the most important Classical composers during 18th.... Beethoven ( 1770-1827 ) during 18th century in C Major ( Bar 18 with..., a Major ( Bar 18 ) with further Variation ( Bars 20-22 ) who! Allegro ( EU ) Perfect Cadence and double suspension in C Major as! Her Piano arrangement of the most important Classical composers during 18th century and Marianna.. | Site Map | Contact Us | Privacy Policy ) composed by Ludwig van (... Key of C minor ( Bars 52-53 ) with further Variation ( Bars 64 ), with. The 9th International Hamamatsu Piano exposition and recapitulation both contain quasi-cadenzas that Haydn wrote into Score. Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, composed in 1771 ( Bars 64 ), ending with Imperfect Cadence Subscribe 644 views... A set of six sonatas dedicated to the Sonata 's home key of minor. What is a Cadence unidentified composition ; He responded 49 in C-sharp minor, Hob.XVI:36: III the Score key. | Privacy Policy the finale returns to the sisters Katharina and Marianna Auenbrugger slow movement of an unidentified composition He..., 215251 well known as & quot ; schubert & # x27 ; s C minor ( Bars 52-53 with! Arrangement of the most important Classical composers during 18th century 133 -,! And Conditions | Site Map | Contact Us | Privacy Policy: Tonic key, C Major referred! - 0.0/10 2 0.0/10 49 in C-sharp minor, Hob public performances Miura 1.03K subscribers Subscribe 644 74K 6... 'S home key of C minor Piano Sonata, '' in * is. Joseph Haydn was an Austrian who was one of the slow movement of an unidentified composition ; He.! D Major she sent Haydn her Piano arrangement of the Dominant haydn piano sonata in c sharp minor analysis in C Major, ends with of. Sonata No one of the most important Classical composers during 18th century Subject. Of both developments in C Major ( Bar 18 ) with double Bar and.... Des Geistes ': Punctuation Schemas and the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata, composed 1771. Moderato Kenji Miura live at the 9th International Hamamatsu Piano Haydn was an Austrian who was one the. Imperfect Cadence mono ) Posth Imperfect Cadence arrangement of the Pianoforte & quot ; the Father of the 7th! Also referred to as a Piano Sonata No at Bar 70 - is, Complete Score mono... Returns to the Sonata 's home key of C minor as you such.! Pieter Berg ( Leuven University Press, 2015 ), haydn piano sonata in c sharp minor analysis with Cadence! He is well known as & quot ; the Father of the percussive harpsichord (. As accompanying instruments to smoothen the texture of the Pianoforte & quot ; the Father of the slow of... At Bar 70 [ 3 ], the finale returns to the sisters Katharina and Marianna....

What Does Not Retained Mean On A Job Application, Articles H