2021 Oct; 73 (5):435-443. Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Emergency Department Child Abuse Evaluations During COVID-19: A Multicenter Study. Violent Infant Surrogate Shaking: Continuous High-Magnitude Centripetal Force and Abrupt Shift in Tangential Acceleration May Explain High Risk of Subdural Hemorrhage. Course Information Abusive head trauma, which includes head injuries from child abuse such as Shaken Baby Syndrome, is the leading cause of death in cases of child abuse in the United States. JAMA Pediatrics. Characteristics associated with spine injury on magnetic resonance imaging in children evaluated for abusive head trauma. Charting the Globe: How Technologies Have Affected Our Understanding of Retinal Findings in Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome. Association of a Postnatal Parent Education Program for Abusive Head Trauma With Subsequent Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Hospitalizaton Rates. January 2017. February 2016. Rolfes MC, Deyle DR, King KS, et al. Child's Nervous System. February 2021. Caron, F., Tourneux, P., Kuekou, H.T., et al. April 2021. Development of a finite-element eye model to investigate retinal hemorrhages in shaken baby syndrome, Predictors of long-term neurological outcomes in non-accidental head injury, A Retrospective Study of Cervicla Spine MRI Findings in Children with Abusive Head Trauma. This is due to the rapid and repeated acceleration and deceleration of the victims head whipping back and forth and side to side. > Justice for Rehma Shaken baby Training!, or toll-free at 1-877-405-4313 that your baby may have been . In 2018, in two separate Gold Coast homes, . Head computed tomography in suspected physical abuse: time to rethink? Runyan DK. Abusive Head Trauma and Mortality - An Analysis From an International Comparative Effectiveness Study of Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. International Journal of Legal Medicine. How can the injuries be dated and the time of injuries be determined? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. February 2019. The Journal of Pediatrics. Byard, R.W., & Tan, L. Acta Pediatrica. Common factors associated with increased risk of child abuse are often individual characteristics, substance abuse, and young age of the parent or caregivers; the age, health, physical, mental, emotional, and social development of the child; history of violence within the family structure; poverty and economic conditions, social attitudes, promotion of violence, and cultural norms of the community; lack of education and resources for the family. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on child abuse and neglect: A cross-sectional study in a French Child Advocacy Center. Terry McKirchy, 59, who now lives in Texas, was arrested again on July 2 after a grand jury in Broward County, Fla., indicted her on a first-degree murder charge in the death of Benjamin Dowling . Academic Emergency Medicine. Cercone, D.J., Berger R.P., Manole, M.D., et al. Validation of a Prediction Tool for Abusive Head Trauma. Rossant, C., & Brook, C. Forensic Science International: Synergy. Neonatal shaking brain injury changes psychological stress-induced neuronal activity in adult male rats. Skeletal Survey Yield in Young Children with Femur Fractures. 59, was picked up in Texas on a murder warrant in the death of Benjamin Keith Dowling. Luyet FM, Wipperfurth J, Palm A, Knox BL. Neuroimaging of retinal hemorrhage utilizing adjunct orbital susceptibility-weighted imaging. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Kelly JP, Feldman K, Wright J, Ganti S, Metz JB, & Weiss A. Documenta Ophthalmologica. Association of a Postnatal Parent Education Program for Abusive Head Trauma With Subsequent Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Hospitalizaton Rates. June 2021. The diagnostic performance of chest computed tomography in the detection of rib fractures in children investigated for suspected physical abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Discrepancies in Physician and Coroner Findings in Cases of Fatal Suspected Physical Child Abuse. JAMA Pediatrics. Effect of a Protocol to Reduce Radiographic Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Suspected Fractures. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Discrepancies between children's and caregivers' child maltreatment reporting and their associations with child wellbeing. Effect of Educational Program on Mothers' Perception and Practices Regarding Crying and Shaken Infant Syndrome. Shaken Baby Syndrome is seen most frequently in those younger that 6 months old, but can occur up to the age of three. Yoon, S., Lee, Juyoung, Jun. American Journal of Neuroradiology. Effectiveness of Educational Materials Designed to Improve Knowledge Regarding Crying and Shaken Baby Syndrome in Mothers of Hispanic Population. March 2019. Pediatric Emergency Care. Zhang L., Simmel, S., & Nepomnyaschy, L. Child Abuse & Neglect. Patterns of Osteopontin Expression in Abusive Head Trauma Compared with Other Cases of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Uan, B.,Tokur, O., & Aydin, S. Emergency Radiology. Certificates are available upon successful completion. July 2018. Peddada KV, Sullivan BT, Margalit A, et al. A Systematic Review. Comparison of abusive head trauma versus non-inflicted subdural haematoma in infants: A retrospective cohort study. Nonaccidental Trauma is an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality Among Injured Infants. Cervical spine injuries in young children: pattern and outcomes in accidental versus inflicted trauma. Anderst JD, Carpenter SL, Presley R. et al. Ruest S, Kanaan G, Moore J, & Goldberg AP. Shur N. American Journal of Medical Genetics. February 2016. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. as well as a violent illness that led to a hospital trip only days . January 2017. Sidpra J, ul Owase Jeelani N, Ong J, et al. Hahnemann, M.L., Kronsbein, K., Karger, B., et al. Usefulness of 3-D computed tomography for diagnosis of abusive head trauma. Abusive Head Trauma in Infants During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Paris Metropolitan Area. August 2022. Chest CT in the evaluation of child abuse When is it useful? Rise in the incidence of abusive head trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. 619-525-1485. December 2018. Atkinson, K.D., Fix, S.T., & Fix, R.L. Reasonable suspicion in reporting child maltreatment: a survey among German healthcare professionals. February 2018. Watson, A.E., Oliver, C., Wilson, R.F., et al. Fitzpatrick S and Leach P. British Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatric Surgery Interational. June 2021. Hospital Admissions for Abusive Head Trauma at Children's Hospitals During COVID-19. Violence against children in the time of COVID-19: What we have learned, what remains unknown and the opportunities that lie ahead. April 2022. May 2022. May 2018 (updated). Child Abuse & Neglect. November 2022. Child's Nervous System. Every child, every time: hospital-wide child abuse screening increases awareness and state reporting. Cowley LE, Maguire S, Farewell DM, et al. Medicolegal issues in abusive head trauma for the pediatric neurosurgeon. June 2020. February 2017. Multi-modality imaging characteristics of costochondral fractures, a highly specific rib fracture for child abuse. AAP News & Journals. Relevance of Abusive Head Trauma to Intracranial Hemorrhagesand Bleeding Disorders. May 2018 [epub ahead of print]. Cervical spine injuries in young children: pattern and outcomes in accidental versus inflicted trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve and optic sheath hemorrhages in child abuse. Pediatric Radiology. Attention on Prevention podcast brings in guests to talk about the prevention of child and infant maltreatment as well as delve into other parenting issues. Amagasa S, Matsui H, Tsuji S, Moriya T, Kinoshita K. Am J Emerg Med. January 2021. Pediatric abusive head trauma and stroke. Paid family leave's effect on hospital admissions for pediatric abusive head trauma. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. A 1987 study reviewed 48 cases of "shaken baby syndrome" in the Philadelphia area and found that of the 13 fatalities, all had signs of impact, too. Blackwell, L.S., Martinez, M., Fournier-Goodnight, A., et al. Utility of pediatric fast magnetic resonance imaging protocol as surveillance scanning for traumatic brain injury. The Challenge of Identifying Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Symptomatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Without Accompanying Intracranial Injury Because of Child Abuse. Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children. Disability and visual outcomes following suspected abusive head trauma in children under 2 years. Selective Skeletal Surveys for Infants With Skull Fractures: Examining the Rates of Return to Medical Care for Concern of Physical Abuse. Paediatric abusive head trauma in the emergency department: A multicentre prospective cohort study. Miller TR, Steinbeigle R, et al. Castellani RJ and Schmidt CJ. Knox BL, Rorke-Adams LB, Luyet FM. Lopez-Bushnell K, Torrez D, Robertson JV, Torrez C, Strickler L. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton. Distinguishing child abuse fractures from rickets. Boruah, A.P., Potter, T.O., Shammassian, B.H., et al. Disability and visual outcomes following suspected abusive head trauma in children under 2 years. Global Pediatric Health. Today, the Children's Bureau at HHS' Administration for Children and Families (ACF) released the 31st Child Maltreatment Report. Inj Prev. Cervical Spine Imaging and Injuries in Young Children with Non-Motor Vehicle Crash-Associated Traumatic Brain Injury. The Effectiveness of Parenting Programs in Preventing Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hymel, KP., Armijo-Garcia, V., Musick, M., et al. November 2022. were indicative of violent shaking resulting in an infant's death. Evaluating abusive head trauma in children < 5years old: Risk factors and the importance of the social history. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Ocular Injuries in Pediatric Patients Admitted with Abusive Head Trauma. March 2019. February 2023. Su, Y., Meng, X., Yang. July 2022. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. April 2021. Chong CF, Misra SL, Escardo-Paton JA, Dai S. Eye. Learn more about topics such as healthy brain development, safe sleep, shaken baby syndrome, and abusive head trauma. Pfeiffer H, Smith A, Kemp AM, et al. Pediatric Skull Fractures Contacting Sutures: Relevance in Abusive Head Trauma. Kriss S, Thompson A, Bertocci G, Currie M, & Martich V. Pediatric Radiology. June 2022. Neuroradiology. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology. Discrepancies in Physician and Coroner Findings in Cases of Fatal Suspected Physical Child Abuse. Short-Term Effects of Tax Credits on Rates of Child Maltreatment Reports in the United States. December 2022. January 2023. Kralik SF, Yasrebi M, Supakul N, et al. September 2021. Increased severity of abusive head trauma during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Outcomes and factors associated with infant abusive head trauma in the US. 4. primarily Emergency Department physicians, forensic physicians, and paediatricians about cases of shaken baby syndrome . Catching the red eye: A retrospective review of factors associated with retinal hemorrhage in child physical abuse. Journal of Neuroimaging. Nuo M, Shelley CD, Ugiliweneza B, et al. July 2016. Pediatrics. A review of current imaging techniques used for the detection of occult bony fractures in young children suspected of sustaining non-accidental injury. Clinical history, physiologic data, and imaging are the three (3) sources physicians use to establish the timing of head injuries. An unusual blunt force trauma pattern and mechanism to the cranial vault: Investigation of an atypical infant homicide. Narisawa, A., Nonaka, M., Akutsu, N., et al. January 2022. Flawed Swedish study on traumatic shaking is already being used by defence lawyers and its findings must be ignored. Race: White (55%) Black (33%) Other (8%) Missing (4%) Age: 31% aged 0 - 1 month (10% of these were in the first 27 days) 37% ages 2 or 3 months 18% ages 4 or 5 months 8% ages 6 or 7 months COVID-19 Report. If, for example, a toddler was pushed against a wall or toward the ground, they could suffer trauma. A Biomechanical Assessment of Shaken Baby Syndrome: What About the Spine? November 2022. May 2022. MRI scans are used several days to a week after an injury to better diagnose the types of injuries to the brain and show changes in in the brain tissue. Child Abuse & Neglect. Shaken Baby Syndrome: A hospital-based educaton and prevention program in the intermediate care and the newborn intensive care nurseries. October 2022. December 2022. This May, Jennifer Del Prete was released from prison after a federal judge in Illinois found that the scientific evidence of SBS that prosecutors used to argue that Del Prete had shaken a 4-month . Joyce T and Huecker MR. StatPearls. Development of a screening MRI for infants at risk for abusive head trauma. Nadarasa J, Deck C, Meyer F, et al. People should never shake a baby for any reason. Validation of the Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score for Abusive Head Trauma. Ghanem MAH, Moustafa TA, Megahed HM, et al. Optimizing imaging in the pediatric trauma patient, part 1: head and neck trauma. Dating of Traumatic Brain Injury in Forensic Cases Using Immunohistochemical Markers (I): Neurofilaments and -Amyloid Precursor Protein. February 2023. Clinical Pediatrics. Nationwide Management of Trauma in Child Abuse: Exploring the Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities. Abusive Head Trauma in Child Maltreatment-Related Homicide Cases in the United States: An Analysis of the National Violent Death Reporting System Data- 20122017. 3. Raynor E, Konala R, and Freemont A.Forensic and Legal Medicine. Dsouza R and Bertocci G. Forensic Science International. Incidence of hospitalization for abusive head trauma in Chiba City, Japan. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. January 2020. Chen, Q., Chen, Z., Xu, L., et al. Prioritizing personal and team well-being: Lessons learned during the pandemic. January2021. April 2022. July 2022. Some estimate that up to half of infant deaths caused by child abuse are due to shaken baby syndrome. November 2019. June 2018. Acceptance of Shaken Baby Syndrome and Abusive Head Trauma as Medical Diagnoses. Suh DW, Song HH, Mozafari H, & Thoreson WB. It usually occurs when a parent or other caregiver shakes a baby out of anger or frustration, often because the baby will not stop crying. This can cause pooled blood to push on the brain. Archives of Disease in Childhood. View child care courses under the topic of SIDS, Shaken Baby, and Brain Development. Incidence of hospitalization for abusive head trauma in Chiba City, Japan. August 2017. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology. An analysis of physicians' diagnostic reasoning regarding pediatric abusive head trauma. Chen, S.Y., Gao, L., Imagawa, K.K., et al. Developmental Outcomes Following Abusive Head Trauma in Infancy: A Systematic Review. Mild abusive head injury: diagnosis and pitfalls. [Epub ahead of print]. Amick, M., Bentivegna, K., Hunter, A.A., et al. Some children develop cerebral palsy or some continue to live in a persistent vegetative state. Estimating the Relevance of Historical Red Flags in the Diagnosis of Abusive Head Trauma. After years of courtroom scrutiny over the now-questionable science of "shaken baby syndrome," the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals decided Wednesday that doubt surrounding the cause of his daughter's death was not enough to overturn Robert Roberson's death sentence. March 2021. 2018. Validation of a Prediction Tool for Abusive Head Trauma. January 2022. Neurosurgery. Emergency Department Child Abuse Evaluations During COVID-19: A Multicenter Study. Injuries and child abuse increase during the pandemic over 12942 emergency admissions. Journal of Pediatric Neurology. Peace, A.E., Caruso, D., Agala, C.B., et al. Pediatric Neurology. Loos, ML., H., Bakx, R., Duijst, W., et al. Pediatric Emergency Care. The National Center for Shaken Baby Syndrome estimates that each year between 1200 to 1400 children are injured or killed by abusive head injuries annually in the United States. One shake is all it takes to cause traumatic brain injuries in an infant. January 2019. Turk Pediatri Ars. Using Computed Tomography skeletal surveys to evaluate for occult bony injury in suspected non-accidental injury cases A preliminary experience. May 2019. Ophthalmologic Concerns in Abusive Head Trauma. Additionally, according to the American Academy of Neurology, babies have weak neck muscles and large, heavy heads and shaking makes their fragile brain bounce back and forth inside the skull. Yamaoka, Y., Obikane, E., Isumi, A., et al. Pediatric Emergency Care. Puls HT, Anderst JD, Bettenhausen JL, et al. Today in the U.S., more than 2,000 babies die of SIDS every year, according to government . A tiny hand reached out and grabbed a huge fistful of first birthday cake. Spies EL, Klevens J. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. May 2016. April 2017. However, SIDS deaths can happen anytime during a baby's first year. Child Abuse & Neglect. Safeguarding children in trauma and orthopaedics. Adamsbaum C, de Boissieu P, Teglas JP, et al. Factors Associated With Referral of Children With a Femur Fracture to a Social Worker by an Orthopedist for Suspected Child Abuse. July 2020. Berger RP, Pak BJ, Kolesnikova MD. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. The neuroimaging mimics of abusive head trauma. Schlacter, J.A., Roussos, D., & Masrouha, K.Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. Raoof N, Pereira S, Dai S, Neutze J, Grant CC, Kelly P. BMJ: Archives of Disease in Childhood. Pan African Medical Journal. Increased Mortality in Very Young Children with Traumatic Brain Injury Due to Abuse: A Nationwide Analysis of 10,965 Patients. August 2022. Radiologists' Diagnostic Performance in Differentiation of Rickets and Classic Metaphyseal Lesions on Radiographs: A Multicenter StudyKarmazyn. November 2022. 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