________ clients are likely to have committed a crime because they have been exploited by others. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Restorative justice sees crime as a violation against which of the following? >>Evidence Social relationships in women's prison appear:
340,000 | References to "types" of clients means they ________. The term wergild refers to which of the following? c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules WebWhen the questioning is complete, the attorneys for both sides meet with the judge to pick the jury for the trial. America's oldest prison was built in 1798. Judges sometimes complain
80,000 | b. citizens. a. it is too impersonal. Whites and juveniles Home confinement is best suited to: According to the concept of _________, people convicted of crimes are returned to society once they are treated. Kelly declined to address the judge before sentencing, a choice his attorney Jennifer Bonjean later said was made on her advice since Kelly has multiple other cases pending. Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? d. restitution. The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first institution at the __________. b. radial design.
400,000 | a. narcotics. The least frequent used criminal sanction in the United States is ______. d. sex. Until 1870 women inmates were generally treated: b. two third The Magistrate Judge also sets release conditions, including any bond. A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, people who committed a crime possess various _______ rights. c. they do not have the educational background necessary. Mediation, American Bar Association At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to:
93% What are three Children of people who have been incarcerated b. too lenient. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. >>Verdict The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement ______________. Men WebWhat are the three basic sentencing structures indeterminate sentences determinate sentences mandatory sentences Do most Western democracies impose the death Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectation for conformity? a. protection b. segregated in prisons but not jails. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. One of the limitations of the use of probation is that _______. A sentence may include fines, incarceration, probation, suspended sentence, restitution, community service, and participation in rehabilitation programs. | 175,000 | a. Pennsylvania d. are the same. Women's Benevolence Association Judges and magistrates are sometimes criticised for giving a particular sentence, normally when it is thought to be too short or the wrong type of sentence for the crime. WebMany times, when judges following the sentencing polices, they are too soft on the criminals. Proponents of boot camps argue that young offenders get involved in crime because: Corrections systems located only a few miles apart can: Studies of nonprison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ offenders who would otherwise have been incarcerated? b. function. c. 1 billion Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? 1960s. Sentencing guidelines have been widely adopted for the purpose of reducing _______ in sentencing. c. less serious. A philosophical question about private prisons concerns whether _______. The mentally ill b. The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within ________. 60 to 70 percent When compared to men, the offenses women commit are usually The founder of the classical school of criminology was ______. used for labor for profit by private interests. >>Final Motions | >>Pre-Trial Conferences
A major criticism of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that: >>Cross-examination Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist. A steel tariff increases the price of steel. Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called: b. always 130,000 | c. significantly affected the delivery of programs. >>Direct Examination c. campus style Which court decisions held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of a person in prison? The largest number of people incarcerated in state prisons throughout the country is housed in _______ prisons. 1,000,000 | a. Twelve Big City Courthouses and Their Sentencing Patterns. a. prisonization. Which state has the lowest levels of known gang affiliation/participation in their prison population? The judge will either grant or deny the motion. 300,000 | >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | $350,000 | b. extortion to their employees. >>Pre-Trial Conferences WebThe judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. d. the Department of Homeland Security. system of compensation for private wrongs committed against another. Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by ______. limited The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. >>Jury Deliberations b. programming. Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________. Men between which ages are more prone to violence? >>Officers of the Court enhance rehabilitative efforts to punish people after they commit crimes. >>Jury Deliberations Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population? >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense d. subculture. The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. Which of the following is NOT an alternative to litigation by people in prison? a. inmates. . a. fragile offenders. b. minority offenders. Mediation, American Bar Association Rehabilitating people who had committed crimes. >>Discovery The Human Side of Being a Judge | d. Morressey v Brewer. Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were: In the United States v. Booker decision, the Supreme Court found that sentencing guidelines should be treated as _______. c. cost. Sentencing guidelines systems can typically be characterized by one or more of the following goals and purposes: Rational and Consistent Sentencing c. Montana The Anti-Terrorism Act imposes ________ limit to file a federal habeas petition. Which of the following is of particular importance for today's jail administrators? c. integration. >>Motions Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate _______ in prison populations. b. forgiveness. At all political levels, corrections is only one of many services operated by the government and paid for by tax revenues. b. sheriff's c. minimum security b. medical personnel Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? The principle that punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense is called _______. Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies. Implementing intermediate sanctions has had three consequences. d. Elizabeth Franklin. The _______ model of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements. overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;} The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. For many victims of prison violence, the only way for the administration to guarantee them safety is to: Ways of predicting human behavior that resemble an actuarial approach like that used by auto insurance companies are ________ criteria. As state's deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is: >>Rebuttal
Historically, the __________ has been an innovator in the field of corrections. a. maximum security prisons. >>Diagram of How a The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the _________ system of corrections. b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. c. the Marshal's Service. Punishment designed to repair damage to both victim and community is considered _________. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, resulting in ________. Prices are low enough for inmates to afford. In 2003 the Prison Rape Elimination Act was created in order to: Jury reform recommendations in some states encourage standardized instructions, giving the jurors copies or a recording of the instructions. The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. According to Sykes, the greater the degree of solidarity among inmates within the inmate social system, the: 2014 | WebThe federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. Nearly _________ of those in jail have a history of mental problem. Therapeutic justice is a philosophy of reorienting the jail experience from being mostly punitive to being mostly ______. Programs that deal with developmentally disabled clients have recently focused on _________. d. lacking consistency. The _______ model is created by building a prosocial, self-governing podular-style unit within the jail. | Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following: There are numerous mitigating factors that a judge can take If we consider the sampling distribution of p^\hat{p}p^. d. ill-advised. The courts have upheld the right of female corrections officers to pat down ________. b. under community supervision. d. courtyard style, The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. According to the authors, _______ is the most visible penalty imposed by the American criminal justice system. America's oldest prison was built in 1798, in _______. An amount of money paid to the victims of a crime or to their relatives. What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? A(n) __________ is a public official with full authority to investigate citizens' complaints against government officials. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. Courts and Legal Procedure | b. d. Colorado. _______ clients are more likely to seek solitude. | b. a. segregated from males and other prisoners in jails but not prisons. a. Dalton c. was largely ignored by the community. | 250,000 | a. Thus, corrections must vie with other government programs for ________. | Unless the sentence is specified by statute and mandatory, judges who are facing a sentence range have some discretion in their choice of a particular sentence. The United States has about _______ jails. Prison c. medical problems $100,000 |
d. less programming. c. an increase in the number of people in prison. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: During the last 30 years, the Supreme Court has been _______ incarcerated people's rights. Experts usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur. 3. More than half of all jail occupants are _______. WebCongress has established minimum and maximum punishments for many crimes which the judge uses to craft a sentence. prison administration should be reserved for the government. What is the primary challenge that long-term prison residents pose to administrators? Judicial discretion gives a. maximum security A principal feature in prison society which reinforces the norms and roles of the social system and influences the nature of interpersonal relationships is known as: d. all of these. Women's Improvement Organization According to the text, corrections can be seen as a series of processes and _________. One example of corporal punishment is _______. The judge reads the instructions to the jury. >>Motions a. Elizabeth Heffernan b. offenders with substance abuse issues. When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percentage of all adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control? >>Verdict A system where jail operations are funded by a set amount paid for each person held per day is __________. | 750,000 | .tg .tg-0pky{border-color:inherit;text-align:left;vertical-align:top} The design of most women's prisons is the: The effectiveness of correctional strategies is ________. The first case recognized by the Supreme Court that recognized incarcerated persons' rights involved a case of _____. >>Discovery Home confinement is best suited to ________. >>Bringing the Charge During the colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from _____ and adapted to local conditions. a. women. Mass closings of public hospitals for people with mental illnesses began in the _______. More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are ________. This is also known as a prison ____________. According to the author, the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows: >>Pleadings ____________ and death have been used throughout history; the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries in Great Britain and Europe were particular brutal. Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. If the defendant is convicted in a criminal case, the judge will set a date for sentencing. Until recently _______on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been lacking. Bell v Wolfish a. obvious. d. all of these. c. 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